Why Divorce Is A Good Thing

Why Divorce Is A Good Thing We owe all the wonderful aspects of modern marriage to one thing: divorce. You will hear just the opposite, of course. Religious fundamentalists and politicians will tell you that divorce is crumbling our society, ruining childrens lives, and weakening the moral character of the nation. Dont listen to them. They know perfectly well why divorce is a good thing, they just dont want you to ever find out. Divorce means choice. Divorce means that two people do not have to remain bound to each other until the grave, as society dictated until the 20th century. Divorce means that human beings can determine the path their life will take. And at its very root, divorce provides for that most crucial, most valuable of human experiences: happiness. Divorce is also the great equalizer, and the hallmark of a truly advanced society in terms of womens rights. No woman can ever claim to feel like property or subjugated by men where are there are equitable divorce laws in place. When we look back at ancient civilizations, the ones that stand out are the ones like ancient Egypt which provided equitable treatment for women and the accessibility of divorce as a way to end a legal marriage. Even in the modern world, the best countries for women are those that allow them to divorce freely and without social stigma. But the freedom to live your life how you please, without affecting how others live theirs, is something that a great number of people dont want you to have. Religions in particular seem devoted to making sure that you donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t live how you please, that your every action is analyzed and criticized and ultimately judged. Whether its a stern and moralistic God or a harsh and judgmental society you claim as your higher power, be aware that both of them have one central belief at their core: personal happiness is bad, and personal choice is worse. The Catholic Church, for example, maintains that if you marry someone while your first spouse is still alive, you are committing adultery and will go to Hell. You are not allowed to put aside one spouse and find another, no matter what the reason. They dont like the idea of your having sex with more than one person in your life, even if you want to marry each person that you have it with. Or do they? If your spouse dies they have put no such hex on you. Widows and widowers are given the full blessing of the church to marry again. The limit seems to be three marriages, although Im not sure how stringently this rule is applied. It may be that the widowed are allowed marrying as often as they wish. But even if the church absolutely forbids a widowed person from re-marrying more than twice, it still means that the church would rather sanction youà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢re having sexual relations with three people in your life, rather than let you be married to two if the first one is merely divorced from you. Its adultery and fornication if you divorce one spouse and remarry even once, but legitimate carnal relations if you marry three times because the other two died. This cant possibly indicate a desire to limit the number of sexual partners you have, or to stamp out the sin of sex. I couldnt understand this breach in logic. As much as I disagree with the premise, if youre going to claim that all sex outside the bonds of your first marriage is sinful, then surely you have to call the widowed fornicators too, as much as the divorced are. But the church doesnt. And for years, neither did the public at large. Widowed people were pitied but respected. Divorced people caused scandal, were looked down upon by respectable people, were shunned and considered morally bankrupt. Now I know why. Its a question of choice, of volition, a unique human quality. The church, and society, simply wouldnt allow you to exercise your volition beyond that first choice of partner you made a choice, by the way, that was often made for you by your parents and had nothing to do with what you wanted. Nothing would justify wanting to make another choice later in life. Only God could do that, it seems. If God took your partner away from you, you had no choice in that, and therefore, you were allowed to choose again. If God decided to take that spouse from you too, that wasnt your choice either. As long as you yourself werent thinking and choosing and making your own decisions about your life, the church would be lenient on you. The minute you decided to affect change in your own life, to undo something you regretted doing or something that no longer served a purpose in your life, you were branded a sinner. So for centuries, miserably married people could only find freedom in the grave. Many people killed their mates to be free of them. It was not uncommon for aristocrats, attempting to climb the social ladder, to arrange for their no-longer-advantageous spouses to fall down stairs or eat poisoned meat so that they, the aristocrats, could marry someone higher up in the echelon of the nobility. For those without the stomach for murder, there was no option. There may have been unofficial separations as there are today, but the medieval mind was so accustomed to accepting discomfort and sacrifice that most unhappily married people stayed together because they felt it was their lot in life to suffer. Its a sentiment that carried through to our grandparents, and even our parents to some extent, many of whom lived out lives of unhappiness and dissatisfaction, bound for life to someone that contributed to the misery of their life, all under the guise of respecting the sanctity of wedlock. It was only when people started believing that their happiness was more important than a vow to God, that they had choice in life and were free to make choices responsibly, that marriage was a voluntary, mutually agreed upon partnership of respect and love that could dissolve if that love and respect disappearedit was only then that people started seeing marriage as an expression of joy and started enjoying the marriages they had. There is nothing sacred about a loveless marriage. Whats sacred is having the freedom to enjoy the best kind of marriage possible, the kind freely entered into by two people who understand that it could end if they neglect or abuse their partner, or that it could last a lifetime if they both want it to. Whats sacred is knowing that a satisfying, happy marriage is always possible, no matter who you find yourself with at the moment or how many times youve tried to make it work and failed. Whats sacred is saying to yourself, and your children, that happiness in love is a crucial component of a healthy life, that sacrificing that happiness for some fuzzy morality is an insult to the human mind. People who divorce and remarry respect the institution of marriage, and respect themselves. As difficult as divorce may be, as painful and unpleasant as it may be, it is necessary to preserve the essential beauty of marriage. People are much more likely to respect and honor each other, to stay in love, when they know that if they dont earn their partners love and admiration, constantly, their marriage could end. People who are bound, inextricably, to each other for life have no incentive to be good to each other. Children and Divorce But what about the children? Its a cry we hear constantly, in protest against everything from adult sites on the internet to garbage dumps to government cutbacks. Future generations, it seems, are far, far more important than this one. But I digress. I will discuss the issue of children and their relationship to marriage in a later page. Yes, children are often hurt by divorce. Yes, it can be painful for a child to see his parents split up. But I believe it is far more damaging for an adult to have grown up in a household where love has disappeared from his parents marriage, and therefore the only experience he has with it is that its a doomed institution, a miserable partnership, something he never expects will give him joy. One of the biggest mistakes parents make in child rearing is in putting their marriage last. It is imperative that you put your marriage first, not only for yourselves, but also for your children. Show your children what a marriage is, what they can expect and look forward to when they grow up. Show them a couple who are deeply in love and committed to each other, show them a man and woman enjoying being in love, respecting each other, living with each other, loving each other. If they see this, they will want and expect this for themselves. They will know what a good relationship is, and wont get drawn into bad ones. So what happens if you arent that blissful couple? What happens if you dont love each other, if your marriage isnt good? Then is that something you want your children to emulate? Even if your partner is the best parent in the world, it will do your child a great disservice if the two of you fight and hurt each other and then turn around and behave sweetly to your child. It will make your child feel uncomfortable, like they are somehow usurping love from one of their parents. Children plainly understand that their parents are supposed to be in love. Its what assures them that when they grow up theyll be in love as well. If you dont have a loving model to show your children, you are doing them no favors by staying married. Divorce. Separate yourselves from each other, and continue to be good, if separate, parents. Marry again, choosing carefully, so that your children can see that it s alright to want happiness for yourself and to go after it. Show them its alright to leave one marriag e if its bad and start another one thats better. Give them some idea of what to expect for their own happiness in the future. Divorce isnt easy. And naturally a happy marriage is preferable to divorce any day. I dont blame anyone for being afraid of divorce or for not wanting their marriage to end. But if we really want to understand what makes free, unfettered, romantic marriage possible, we have to embrace that which makes it possible, and give it the quiet respect it deserves.

Gods Nature vs. Mans Free Will Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

God's Nature vs. Man's Free Will The reconciliation of God's nature and Man's free will has long been a subject of debate for philosophers and theologians. Christianity rests upon certain ideas about the nature of God and the universe. The Bible speaks of God as eternal, all-knowing, and as the very author of reality. The concept of God as a benevolent, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent entity is rooted in thousands of years of church tradition. This tradition is so ingrained in Western culture, that, when one mentions "God", these ideas almost invariably come to mind. The idea of Man's free will is also a well-established tradition in Christianity. The very need for Christian redemption is based upon the choices made by Adam and Eve at the very beginning of history. There is an idea that Man either chooses to sin against God, or chooses to obey Him. This ability to choose between two options allows good and evil to exist as opposites on the spectrum of morality. This in turn necessitates a need for an atonement process by which Man can be redeemed for the evils that are committed. Without this doctrine, Christianity is unnecessary. Redemption is not required for those who commit no wrong. The above ideas seem relatively straightforward when presented as independent beliefs. A great deal of confusion does arise, however, when the ideas are brought together as a system of beliefs. Some parts of God's nature seem to disallow the possibility of free will. How can God's knowledge of all actions - past, present, and future - allow any human to make a choice of his own volition? By its very nature, omniscience is infallible, therefore it seems that one is not free to choose anything other than that which God knows. Th... ...sions in order to be 'all-good', and He chose to allow us to choose. In conclusion, I suggest that there is a big difference between saying, "God can't do X and be consistent", and, "I don't know how God can do X and be consistent." As common sense suggests, ignorance of a solution does not take away from that solution's existence. Soli Deo gloria. Works Cited Augustine. "Divine Foreknowledge and Human Free Will." Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. 259-261. Mackie, John L. "Evil and Omnipotence." Ibid. 186-193. Pike, Nelson. "God's Foreknowledge and Human Free Will Are Incompatible." Ibid. 261-271. Plantinga, Alvin. "God's Foreknowledge and Human Free Will Are Compatible." Ibid. 271-275. Plantinga, Alvin. "The Free Will Defense." Ibid. 194-212. Pojman, Louis P., ed. Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. New York: Wadsworth, 1998.

Causes And Effects Of Deforestation In Myanmar Environmental Sciences Essay

Harmonizing to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations U.N.FAO, there are about 31,773,000 hour angle hectares or 48.3 of woods in Myanmar. An norm of 372,250 hour angle or 0.95 % of wood have been lost yearly between 1990 and 2010. The organisation states that within the period of 20 old ages ( 1990-2010 ) , around 7,445,000 hour angle or 19.0 % of the entire wood has been cleared in Myanmar. Myanmar is one of the top 10 states that are go oning highest deforestation rate in the universe, and its rank is seven. The Rangoon-based Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association ( BANCA ) alerts that Myanmar is run intoing a deforestation crisis because of natural catastrophes ( hurricanes, inundations, drouth and fires ) , human activities ( logging, slash-and-burn agribusiness, cutting trees for fuel, mining operations, dike edifice, uncluttering land for farm animal graze and oil extraction ) and overpopulation. If deforestation can non be controlled by authorities, the consequence could be really black. It has negative impacts on environmental debasement and direct biodiversity loss. Exporting lumber and human population are the chief causes of deforestation in Myanmar. The Global Witness Non-Governmental Organization ( NGO ) manipulated that Myanmar shipped at least one million three-dimensional metres of lumber into China in 2002. Between 2010 and 2011, authorities exported 864,000 metric dozenss of lumber and got US $ 600 million from it. Furthermore, harmonizing to the UN FAO study that Burma ‘s rural populations of around 70 % or at least 30 million rely on woods for their basic demands in 2009. Government and people do non aware if they cut a batch of trees for their net incomes ; it will impact on ecosystem and go on a batch of natural catastrophe in Myanmar. The intent of this paper is to demo causes and effects of deforestation in Myanmar. In peculiar, the impact of clime alterations is really serious job in Myanmar due to deforestation. This paper will discourse the programs of authorities to work out these jobs, and it will besides supply some possible suggestions to protect the woods.1.0 CausesThe significance of deforestation is cutting, uncluttering and taking of trees for assorted grounds such as logging, slashing-and-burning agribusiness, uncluttering land for farm animal, constructing dike. Sometimes, natural catastrophes can highly destruct woods. For case, Cyclone Nargis destroyed a batch of trees in Myanmar on 2 and 3 May 2008. Myanmar is developing state, so the authorities and people are highly depend on woods. They cut down a batch of trees for assorted grounds, but the chief point is for short-run economic benefits ( Putatunda, 2011 ) . Deforestation can be caused non merely human activities, but besides natural catastrophes. In Myanmar, authorities exports a batch of natural resources to other states, but they got more money by exporting lumber. Harmonizing to the parliamentary Natural Resources and Environment Conservation Committee, Myanmar exports a batch of teaks by legal or illegal. The London-based Environment Investigation Agency claims that Myanmar exported 1.6 million tones of teak per yearly to neighbouring states such as India, China, Bangladesh, Thailand and Malaysia. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.itto.int/files/user/mis/mis % 20charts % 20homepage/snap20111201.gif The bureau states Myanmar got $ 5.7 billion by exporting 18 million three-dimensional metres of wood log between 2000 and 2010. Harmonizing to statistics, Myanmar has more than 16.32 million hectares of wood, and the country of teak is 24,300 hectares while the country of hardwood is 324,000 hectares. In Myanmar about 1.98 million three-dimensional metres of hardwood and 283,000 three-dimensional metres of teak are used in Myanmar per one-year. As a consequence, cutting a batch of trees for exporting is endangering Myanmar woods. Overpopulation affect on woods because they destroy a batch of trees for their net income. In Myanmar, the population is increased about one million yearly. The population Myanmar is 54,584,650 in 2012.According to UNFAO, 70 per centum of the Myanmar people live in rural country, and they rely on woods for their basic demands and nutriment and income. Similar to Indonesia, people who get less than US $ 1 cut trees to acquire a few income for short-run ( Stolle, 2008 ) . Deforestation can be caused by non merely semisynthetic, but besides natural catastrophes. In Myanmar, forest fire is one of the chief jobs to destruct woods. Union of burma lost up to 10 dozenss of forest fuel because of forest fire. As a consequence, every 30 to 70 dozenss of top wood dirt are destroyed in Myanmar. Myanmar is confronting natural catastrophes such as cyclones, landslides, temblors, tsunami, fire and drouth. They are besides existent menaces to Myanmar ‘s environment.EffectssBurning trees and uncluttering forest highly affect on environment. A batch of nursery gases including C dioxide are emitted from deforestation. Hence, the temperature of planetary is lifting, so climate alterations and dirt eroding go on in Myanmar.2.1 Climate ChangesA batch of natural catastrophes are endangering Myanmar ‘s forest such as cyclones, temblors and inundations ( Moe, 2009 ) . Cyclone Nargis destroyed trees and support of people more than temblor and inundations. Cyclone Nargis was the top deadliest and most acerb tropical cyclones to of all time strike Myanma r ( The New York Time, 2012 ) . The cyclone notably affected a sum of 37 townships. The UN predicts more than 2.4 million people were affected by Cyclone. Harmonizing to official figures, 53,800 were losing, and 84,500 people were killed. It besides destroyed a million estates of rice Paddies, trees and killed three-quarterss of the farm animal with its saltwater rushs.2.2 Soil eroding and dirt birthrate lossIn Myanmar, dirt eroding is one of the most serious jobs, and authorities can non be controlled until now, so the agricultural merchandises of Myanmar are falling. The birthrate of the dirt will cut down if the surface dirt is eroded, and it can turn agricultural land into desert land. To forestall dirt eroding, Myanmar should continue woods and grasslands. If soil eroding can non be preserved, it will take to deluging. Weather and agricultural experts argue that they get 4 inches of rain from the inundation countries, but deluging jobs ne'er go on with this sum of rainfall in t he yesteryear. Not merely alimentary depletion but besides ecological, societal and economic job can be happened because of dirt eroding.SolutionsA batch of natural catastrophes are endangering people in Myanmar. Most catastrophes are caused by deforestation. So, the authorities are seeking to cut down deforestation. They have three programs for that. First of all, they will wholly censor exporting lumber to other states in 2014 ( William Boot, 2012 ) . However, it is hard to halt illegal logging and exporting to China. The ground is China ‘s boundary line is really close with northern portion of Myanmar. Most hapless autochthonal people are trusting on wood for their basic demand. Although the authorities does non let to cut trees, they may make go on, but their strategic is a few positive effects on halting illegal logging and exporting to non merely China but besides other states. The 2nd is re-afforestation. Every June or July, the authorities order to works trees in the w hole state. Furthermore, the authorities has dictated its citizen between the ages of 11 and 60 must works five trees per yearly in China. The authorities references that the consequence of their plan is they have been planted at least one billion trees since 1982. Although the authorities of China ‘s program win, in Myanmar, their programme failed since after seting trees, cipher attention about them. In the people ‘s head, their duty is merely seting trees. The last scheme is coaction with UN organisation. It established The National Commission for Environment Affairs ( NCEA ) which purpose is to back up the environmental protection and cut down the environmental debasement. The authorities expects this coaction can forestall deforestation in Myanmar. The best solution is giving occupation to hapless people. If they have adequate money for their basic demand, they will non destruct the woods. They will non care how many catastrophes happen and the authorities announces the regulations because money is more of import than retaining the environment for them. Furthermore, recycling and recycling points are besides the best solution. For illustration, industries are utilizing a batch of bamboo to bring forth paper. If people and pupils reuse the recycling paper, they may cut down utilizing bamboo. These solutions may worsen deforestation in Myanmar.DecisionIn decision, Myanmar was covered a batch of woods in the past, but today, the coverage of woods decreased significanly in Myanmar. Exporting teaks and overpopulation are the chief causes to be confronting deforestation in Myanmar. Myanmar is hapless state, so authorities budget depend on exporting teaks to other states. About 283,000 three-dimensional metres of teak and 1,98 0,000 three-dimensional metres of hardwood are used for exporting in Myanmar per twelvemonth. Increasing population is besides the chief job. Approxima tely one million people are incresing per yearly. Most of them are hapless, so they rely on woods for their basic demands. The consequence of destructing woods is breathing a batch of nursery gases. As a consequence the temperature is lifting, and it affects on clime and dirt of Myanmar. By altering clime, a batch of natural catastrophes are go oning in Myanmar such as Cyclone Nargis, temblors, inundations and drouth. Cyclone Nargis destroyed a batch of trees and affected more than 2.4 million people, and it was nightmare for people. Myanmar has no many good topographic point for agribusiness due to deforestation. Government tried to work out deforestation, but it did non impact on the job. Reducing unemployments and recycling points may forestall destructing the woods. If the authorities can non command deforestaionthe, a batch of utmost natural catastrophes will happen in Myanmar. If there is no adequate trees, the temperature will be higher and higher, and the decease rate of peo ple will aggressively increase in hot season. Health jobs and economic system jobs will besides go on. It is believe that if there is no trees, animate beings can non last. If there is no animate beings, all people can non besides survive. By keeping the environment, the universe will be beautiful.

How to Prove an Argument Invalid by a Counterexample

An argument is invalid if the conclusion doesnt follow necessarily from the premises.  Whether or not the premises are actually true is irrelevant.  So is whether or not the conclusion is true.  The only question that matters is this: Is it  possible  for the premises to be true and the conclusion false?  If this is possible, then the argument is invalid. Proving Invalidity The counterexample method is a powerful way of exposing what is wrong with an argument that is invalid.  If we want to proceed methodically, there are two steps: 1) Isolate the argument form; 2) Construct  an argument with the same form that is obviously invalid. This is the counterexample. Lets take an example of a bad argument. Some New Yorkers are rude.Some New Yorkers are artists.Therefore Some artists are rude. Step 1: Isolate the Argument Form This simply means replacing the key terms with  letters, making sure that we do this in a consistent way.  If we do this we get: Some N  are RSome N are ATherefore some A are R Step 2: Create the counterexample For instance: Some animals are fish.Some animals are birds.Therefore some fish are birds This is what is called a substitution instance of the argument form laid out in Step 1.  There is an infinite number of these that one could dream up.  Every one of them will be invalid since the argument form is invalid.  But for a counterexample to be effective, the invalidity must shine forth.  That is, the truth of the premises and the falsity of the conclusion must be beyond question. Consider this substitution instance: Some men are politiciansSome men are Olympic championsTherefore some politicians  are Olympic champions. The weakness of this attempted counterexample is that the conclusion isnt obviously false.  It may be false right now, but one can easily imagine an Olympic champion going into politics. Isolating the argument form is like boiling an argument down to its bare bones--its logical form.  When we did this above, we replaced specific terms like New Yorker with letters.  Sometimes, though, the argument is revealed by using letters to replace whole sentences or sentence-like phrases. Consider this argument, for instance: If it rains on election day the Democrats will win.It wont rain on election day.Therefore the Democrats wont win. This is a perfect example of a fallacy known as affirming the antecedent.  Reducing the argument  to its argument form, we get: If R then DNot RTherefore not D Here, the letters dont stand for descriptive words like rude or artist. Instead, they stand for an expression like, the Democrats will win and it will rain on election day.  These expressions can themselves be either true or false.  But the basic method is the same. We show the argument s invalid by coming up with a substitution instance where the premises are obviously true and the conclusion is obviously false.  For instance: If Obama is older than  90, then hes older than 9.Obama is not older than 90.Therefore Obama is not older than 9. The counterexample method is effective at exposing the invalidity of deductive arguments.  It doesnt really work on inductive arguments since, strictly speaking, these are always invalid.

MBA Thesis Topics Get the Fresh Ideas!

The majority of academic programs offering Master’s Degree in MBA require students to cope with a long thesis needed to present a new research on an issue related to the business management. MBA thesis may be based on a global issue or focused on the tiny, very specific area. When searching for the MBA thesis topics, make sure to consider the ones provided below. 1) Biofuel Companies and Crude Oil Prices One of the most significant problems that infect companies that specialize in biofuels production is the conventional fuels prices rise and fall. In general, if the conventional fuels prices are at the lower level than the one of the alternative fuels, the industry of the alternative fuel obtains little business. On the other hand, if the price of crude spikes, both consumers and investors are willing to put their finances into the alternative fuel corporations that can provide the same kind of the product with moderate price. In your MBA thesis you have an opportunity to study how the price of crude influences the investment and income received by the alternative fuel corporations and how it will affect the nascent industry future. 2) Strategies of Multilingual Management We live in a globalized world. That is the reason why a lot of companies possess workforces that are more than just multiethnic – they also have employees, who speak different languages. This is pretty challenging for the managers, who are now faced with the necessity to keep in touch with their co-workers using the language they themselves can hardly say a word from. While computer and human translations do not provide enough help, the majority of management strategies claim the importance of direct communication between the employees. By means of the MBA thesis one can investigate various strategies that companies make use of nowadays in order to remove all the language barriers. 3) Dot-Coms Culture and Productivity The Dot-Coms rise in the 1990s provided a brand-new approach to the culture of the company. A lot of web start-ups created a special environment, which is spiritually closer to the college dorms, encouraging workers to choose casual dresses, and having fun in the office with football tables and water gun. A lot of managers from the younger generation run these companies and truly believe that entertaining atmosphere will inspire employees and make them more productive. Make certain to use your MBA thesis to prove or refute this theory.

The Importance Of Education For A Country s Development

Discuss the importance of education to a country s development There is no denying to the fact that in today s competitive era education has become a major part not only for human kinds but also for a country development because it is play an important role in a country s social and economic progress. If a person wants to get success and progress in his life he should be educated. In the same way if a nation wants development, the country should has more developed education and educated people which leads a country towards the prosperity. Today there are many countries on earth which we can call developed nations like, the united state of America, Canada, England and many more. These are the developed countries and the reason behind that is education. Education gives strength to a country s development through the women empowerment, improvements in the field of science and technology and improvements in public Health care. 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Journal Of Educational And Social Research -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Educational And Social Research? Answer: Introduction: Communication is the very important part of the lives of the people. This is because humans are social animals and they have to interact with each other in order to live in the society. Some have better communication skills while other may lack in the same. In order to make improvement in these communication skills, it is required to diagnose the same. There are various diagnostic tools that can be used to analyse the communication skills. Some of the diagnostic tools that are used in this report are self-perceived communication competence also known as SPCC, personal report of intercultural communication apprehension that is PRICA, non-verbal immediacy scale self-report (NISS), personal report of public speaking anxiety and talkoholic scale. This report also argues about some of the theoretical concepts reacted to the communication skills and their diagnostic tool along with the action plan that describes the activities that should be undertaken in order to improve the communication skills. Diagnosis and reflection: There are various tools that have been used for analysing my communication skills. The first tool that has been used is Self-perceived communication competence scale. This is the tool that helps in analysing the information about the competence of the individuals and this feeling at the time of various communication contexts (Bahadori Hashemizadeh, 2018). The name suggests that it is not the measure of the actual competence but it is the measure for the perceived competence of the person. It may be possible that both are same but there may be differences. This tool is used so that I can analyse myself and my perception about my communication skills. As far as my score re considered, it has been analysed that I have scored the total of 72.91. As per the scoring scale, if the individual score more than 87 the he would be very competent while lower than 59 is perceived to have low competency of communication. As per my score, it can be identified that I fall under the mid value of the scoring. This suggests that I am competent but still have some scope of improvement. The next tool that has been used is Personal report of intercultural communication apprehension. It has been analysed that this tool helps in analysing the anxiety and the fear that one can possess during the communication that involves the people with different cultural or ethnic group (Villarreal, 2017). This considers the aspect of intercultural communication which is very important to be analysed. I have used this tool so that I can judge my skills to communicate and interact with the people who belong to different culture. As far as my scoring is considered, it has been analysed that I have scored 49 in the test. This score means I am at the moderate level of communication apprehension in the case of making intercultural communication. It has been analysed that I am the one who feel uncomfortable with initiating conversation with the people from different cultural but try to look clam in front of them. After using the above two tools, now the requirement is to test my nonverbal communication skills. It is the tool that results in providing the scores that leads to the degree of positivity that I show towards other people. Communication is not only verbal but also involves nonverbal gestures. These gestures also play a very important role in making effective communication. This tool uses 5 point scale to answer some of the questions that helps in analysing the type of nature and the gestures of the individuals. As far as the scoring of my test is considered, it has been analysed that I have scored 102. This is the score that again proves that I am the mediocre in this section. The scoring of different questions suggests that I use my gestures when I talk to people but it is not necessary in every situation. If the people are very close to me, the only I show all my gestures otherwise I talk to them without much closeness. Gestures are of different kinds and I usually show formal ges tures with the stranger while show close and very frequent gestures in front of may close friends and family. The next tool is personal report of public speaking anxiety. As the name suggests, it is the very effective tool in analysing the anxiety level of the individual for public speaking (Shahbaz, Khan, Khan Mustafa, 2016). It has been analysed that it is the tool that I have used to identify my skills that allow me or that restrict me to speak in public. As far as the scores are considered, it has been analysed that I have scored 121 in this test. This suggests that I am at the moderate stage. I have realised after this test that I am the one who feels nervous when I have to speak in public but I also know how to control my emotions and nervousness on the stage. It has been analysed that I need to develop my confidence to speak in front of the stranger and other people because this is the most important part of communication. In later, I have to face many occasion where I have to speak in public and thus it is required to develop that confidence and remove that fear of public speaking. The last tool that has been used was talkaholic scale. This is the scale that determines that how much an individual talk. An individual is observed to be talkative when he talks too much and the other person does not reply with equal intensity. It is a usual approach that if the person is talking more, he would be perceived very positive in nature. It is a qualitative study in which the way a person is talking and what the person is talking is very important. As far as my scoring is considered, it has been analysed that I have scored 22 which is very less. I am not that much talkative in nature. This makes it very difficult for me to convey my things to others. I am not an initiator and thus I wait for the other person to initiate the conversation. This may sometimes left me alone because I do not talk to people and does not make efforts in making relationships. I used to talk only when they initiate the conversation. As far as all the tests and my scoring is considered, it has been analysed that I am lacking two of the main areas of communication that is confidence to speak in front of stranger and making intercultural communication. Both of these skills are very much required in order to have good communication and effective interaction with the people. Communication skills of the person can only be developed if he has the self-awareness of his weaknesses and I have gained the knowledge of my weaknesses. Literature review: Communication is the very important and the vital part of the daily routine. Every time, we have to interact and communicate with the other person. Communication does not involve speaking but it also involves a return from the other party whether in the form of active listening or in answering back (Baraldi, 2017). As communication is the part of daily routine thus it is required to have the effective communication skills so that the communication or the interaction could not leads to misunderstanding. Communication is not only required to be effective in daily life but at the professional level also, it is one of the best and the most important skill. As per the above analysing, the tow skills that I have to develop in order to brush up my communication are intercultural communication skills and confidence while speaking. Development of confidence helps in making conversations with the strangers as well as in public. Confidence is one of the most important elements that fuel the effective communication. It has been analysed that if the person lacks the confidence, then he would not be able to communicate properly with the other person. Confidence is not the sill that can be learnt but it needs to be developed with practice, training and knowledge (Chaloupka-Risser Fssl, 2017). When the person knows everything about the subject, he feels confident enough to talk about the same thus the first thing that needs to be considered for developing the confidence in communication is enhancing the knowledge part (Niles, Craske, Lieberman Hur, 2015). As far as the communication is concerned, it is required by the individual to gain knowledge of the basics and common subjects that are being discussed in the social gatherings. This provides them a confidence to talk with others as they have the best knowledge of the topic (Choren, 2015). Other than knowledge, practice is also one of the most important strate gies that help in developing confidence at the tie of communication. When any of the people speaks in with the acquaintances, they speak without any fear. This fear can be of getting insulted or getting judged, this is because when an individual speaks anything in front of anyone, the other person judge that individual. This judgement develops fear in the minds of the people and this reduces their confidence to speak (Dolan, R. (2016). Here, practice can help the individual to develop confidence.it is required to practice as when a person does anything on frequent basis then it becomes the habit and the fear disappears. This technique can be used by the individuals who have lack of confidence in communicating with each other. Practicing in front of public and try to surround with social gatherings helps the person to open up himself and get used to of communicating with the people. The last technique that can used to build confidence is trainings (Arnold Boggs, 2015). There are man y training courses of personality development available that can help in building confidence. These courses help the person to have better communication skills and turned them into a different personality that fuels their communication effectiveness. Building confidence and having effective communication does not mean that the person has to speak but listening is also one of the most important parts of communication (Kurtz, Draper Silverman, 2017). Thus, the person should develop the confidence to listen carefully and efficiently to make the communication effective. Another important aspect of communication is intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is making interactions across the culture and languages (Gould Carson, 2008). When intercultural communication is considered, it does not mean that its about the person who speaks different languages but its about the people who belongs to different culture and have different values than one another. It has been analysed that our globe is becoming united in terms of communication and because of the technological advancement it is not difficult to interact with the people across the cultures. Intercultural communicationis the verbal and nonverbal communication between people from different cultural upbringings. If the term intercultural is considered, it has been analyzed that inert means between and cultural means from a particular culture (Reilly, Bavin, Bretherton, conway, Eadie, Cini, ... Wake, 2009). Occasionally, this is used to describe a single person trying to cooperate and communicate in a foreign environment but more often, it is a two-way road, where people from both cultures are trying to improve their communication. Now, if an individual wants to learn about intercultural communication, it's important to understand what this is. But it's also important to understand what it isn't. Intercultural communication is targeted at allowing for optimistic and creative interaction. It does not mean to join a particular culture or it is not about becoming a member of another society. For making intercultural communication the person has to deal with the other culture and need not to adapt the same (Bambini, Washburn Perkins,2009). Intercultural communication is also not simply language proficiency. Yes, communication requires the ability to understand language, but just think about how much of your communication with even your own friends is nonverbal: our body language, our attitudes, the rituals from hand-shaking to the stink eye (Ihtiyar Ahmad, 2015). Some researchers estimate that up to 93% of all human communication is nonverbal, although according to recent studies, it's actually closer to 60%. Sti ll, that means that more than half of communication is never spoken. So, intercultural communication is going to take a lot more than just learning a language (Louis Zeger, 2008). Language is just a part of intercultural communication and sometimes it is not even necessary to learn the language but it is required to learn the gestures and the communication style. Developing the intercultural communication is also very important in order to make the communication effective. The MNCs all over needs to communicate and interact with the peel from different culture in order to conduct their businesses in the foreign country. Thus, developing intercultural communications is very important (King Witt, 2009). In order to develop intercultural communication, it is very much required to know about the other culture and the have respect for the same. If the people of different culture do not have the value and the knowledge about each others culture than it they wont be able to communicate properly with each other (Turner, Iliffe, Downs, Wilcock, Bryans, Levin, ... O'carroll, 2004). This is because of the differences in their communication styles. The people with different cultural background have different styles to communicate. Some people greet by just nodding the head while some say hello or any other word to greet the other person. Even the simil ar gestures have different meanings for different culture people. Many authors have discussed and suggested various strategies to improve the intercultural communication skills. Respect is one of the aspect that is every important when the intercultural communication or the conversation takes place (Hirsh-Pasek, Adamson, Bakeman, Owen, Golinkoff, Pace, ... Suma, 2015). If the person does not respect the other person and his culture then the intercultural communication cannot be made successful. It is required to understand that with different culture comes different experiences and thus an individual needs to realise and embrace this idea of differences in experiences and respect the knowledge of other person. It is required to be realising that the other person is not wrong but he is just different. The individuals should learn from the experiences of others and respect is the only key to grasp the other culture successfully (Huang, Howie, McCarthy, Memari, Walter, Min, ... Al Turki, 2015). This leads to the development of another requirement to make the intercultural communication effective and that is open mindedness. Author suggests that one of the best ways to improve the intercultural communication skills is to operate the things with open minds (Dai Chen, 2014). If the individual wants to communicate well with those from other cultures, he actually has to learn about them and their differences. A sincere open mindedness results in enhanced grasping power and this also allow the individual to respect to have space to learn the new things (Martin, 2015). Adaptation is argued as another strategy that can help the individuals to accept the new culture and communicate with the other people. For understanding this strategy, it is required to understand the concept of culture shock. What happens when a human or an individuals resist the changes of culture? When a person wants to a place with different culture and language, there are several phases that the individuals may face (Neuliep, 2017). At first, the individuals find it very interesting to know about the new culture and function quite smoothly. But gradually, signs of resistance may appear. The resistance may be from the people if they try to integrate with the new culture thoroughly and if the individual is very much attached to his own culture and not open at all. This integration requires the individual to modify the central behaviour and values in such a way so that new values can be integrated with them (Koester Lustig, 2015). It has been analysed that most of the intercultural communication can be seen in business as well as in social lives these days. The efforts to make the communication successful should be out in by the parties who are communicating with each other. The eagerness to learn about the business and about the values is very necessary in order to make the things better in intercultural communication. In business environment, it is required to understand the importance of other culture (Kim, 2015). When the business meetings are conducted with the international client, the host company has to make efforts in making the meetings successful (Ruben, 2015). This requires them to prepare as per the culture and the communication style of the client county. This is because there can be different meanings for similar works and this may affect the meetings and the business deals. As far as the relation between the employees and the manager is considered, it is required by the management of the compan y to develop the working environment that is fair and equal for all the employees irrespective of the differences in their culture. The companies should celebrate all the festivals so that the employees from every culture feel the part of the company and not feel neglected (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel Roy, 2014). In totality, it can be concluded that intercultural communication has been observed n day to day lives these days and thus it is required to develop the strategies that can support this communication to be more effective (Lieberman Gamst, 2015). The individuals have to open their mind and welcome the new experiences and the culture and should understand the importance of the same. Respect is found to be the key skills because respecting others culture can help in making the intercultural communication easy (Chi Suthers, 2015). Along with understanding the other culture, it is required to have full knowledge of the own culture. This is because the individual can only realise the differences if they have proper knowledge of their own culture. Action plan: As the weak points in the communication skills are analysed, it has been concluded that I have to develop confidence to speak in front of strangers and public speaking and anther is manage effective intercultural communication. The literature discuses about various aspects that can be included in making an action plan. Following is the action plan that needs to be followed in order to develop those weak points in communication learning so that I can improve my skills of communication.This is the plan which is prepared with a view to determine the plans and time period for implementing the selected activities of organizations. All the details of task which are to be implemented have been divided into the interval of the months and their specified break up actions. Time description Activities plan Details 1 week Identification of skills required This is the first step of the overall procedure to develop the communication skills. Its required to identify the skills where I am lacking so that I can work on the same to develop. 1st to 3rd month Undertaking short courses Undertaking various short courses help in getting the professional improvement of the communication skills. The educators in the classes help in developing the skills in more efficient way and this not only helps in developing that particular skill but also helps in overall personality development. Some of the course that are offered: 1 day professional development program will be conducted for the personality development 1 day course work training development program from Queensland institutional management. 3rd to 6th Months Readings Reading books is always helpful in developing and improving any kind of knowledge. Reading good books on frequent basis help the individual understand the things properly by themselves because if the individual himself makes efforts in learning something that learning lays remain for long time. 1st to the 6th month Personal journal Developing a personal journal is a type of study that requires the individual to make his own notes on what he is learning from different sources. Making a personal journal is the best way to develop the skills 1st to the 6th month Mentor Mentoring is also one of the best ways. Mentor helps in analysing the weakness and develops the communication skills as per the weakness, they helps in filing the gap between the required skill and the actual skills. Mentor helps in learning the facts and the various aspects of communication sills with frequent evaluation and monitoring. This learning would be the most effective one. 4th to 6th Months Evaluation and monitoring The test should be conducted at the end so that the level or degree of improvement can be understood. This is the most important part of the action plan. Gantt chart: Actions 1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month 5 month 6 month identification of skills Undertaking short courses Readings Personal journal Mentor Evaluation and monitoring Conclusion: It has been conclude from the report that communication is the very important part of daily lives and thus developing the various communication skills is very important. Various tools to analyse the communication skills have been used such as self-perceived communication competence also known as SPCC, personal report of intercultural communication apprehension that is PRICA, non-verbal immediacy scale self-report (NISS), personal report of public speaking anxiety and talkoholic scale. These tools are known as the diagnostic tools and provide the results that I have to develop the skills like confidence and intercultural skills to be more effective in my communication. 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